Central Dogma of Molecular Biology
DNA to DNA = Replication
DNA to RNA = Transcription
RNA to Protein = Translation
All about RNA:
Composed of 4 nucleotides and 5 carbon sugar, phosphate.
Thymine is replaced with Uracil and still pairs with Adenine
The 5 carbon sugar has an extra oxygen
Is single stranded
Summarized steps of protein synthesis:
Protein synthesis is the process in which cells make proteins. It occurs in two stages: transcription and translation.
Transcription is the transfer of genetic instructions in DNA to mRNA in the nucleus. After the mRNA is processed, it carries the instructions to a ribosome in the cytoplasm.
Translation occurs at the ribosome, which consists of rRNA and proteins. In translation, the instructions in mRNA are read, and tRNA brings the correct sequence of amino acids to the ribosome. Then rRNA helps bonds form between the amino acids, producing a polypeptide chain. It includes the steps of initiation, elongation, and termination.
After a polypeptide chain is synthesized, it may undergo additional processing to form the finished protein.
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